#!/usr/bin/env python3
# :Author: David Goodger, Günter Milde
#          Based on the html4css1 writer by David Goodger.
# :Maintainer: docutils-develop@lists.sourceforge.net
# :Revision: $Revision: 10185 $
# :Date: $Date: 2005-06-28$
# :Copyright: © 2016 David Goodger, Günter Milde
# :License: Released under the terms of the `2-Clause BSD license`_, in short:
#
#    Copying and distribution of this file, with or without modification,
#    are permitted in any medium without royalty provided the copyright
#    notice and this notice are preserved.
#    This file is offered as-is, without any warranty.
#
# .. _2-Clause BSD license: https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause

"""Common definitions for Docutils HTML writers."""

from __future__ import annotations

__docformat__ = 'reStructuredText'

import base64
import mimetypes
import os
import os.path
import re
import warnings
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
from pathlib import Path

import docutils
from docutils import frontend, languages, nodes, utils, writers
from docutils.parsers.rst.directives import length_or_percentage_or_unitless
from docutils.parsers.rst.directives.images import PIL
from docutils.transforms import writer_aux
from docutils.utils.math import (latex2mathml, math2html, tex2mathml_extern,
                                 unichar2tex, wrap_math_code, MathError)

TYPE_CHECKING = False
if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from docutils.transforms import Transform


class Writer(writers.Writer):

    supported = ('html', 'xhtml')  # update in subclass
    """Formats this writer supports."""

    settings_spec = (
        'HTML Writer Options',
        None,
        (('Specify the template file (UTF-8 encoded). '
          '(default: writer dependent)',
          ['--template'],
          {'metavar': '<file>'}),
         ('Comma separated list of stylesheet URLs. '
          'Overrides previous --stylesheet and --stylesheet-path settings.',
          ['--stylesheet'],
          {'metavar': '<URL[,URL,...]>', 'overrides': 'stylesheet_path',
           'validator': frontend.validate_comma_separated_list}),
         ('Comma separated list of stylesheet paths. '
          'Relative paths are expanded if a matching file is found in '
          'the --stylesheet-dirs. With --link-stylesheet, '
          'the path is rewritten relative to the output HTML file. '
          '(default: writer dependent)',
          ['--stylesheet-path'],
          {'metavar': '<file[,file,...]>', 'overrides': 'stylesheet',
           'validator': frontend.validate_comma_separated_list}),
         ('Comma-separated list of directories where stylesheets are found. '
          'Used by --stylesheet-path when expanding relative path arguments. '
          '(default: writer dependent)',
          ['--stylesheet-dirs'],
          {'metavar': '<dir[,dir,...]>',
           'validator': frontend.validate_comma_separated_list}),
         ('Embed the stylesheet(s) in the output HTML file.  The stylesheet '
          'files must be accessible during processing. (default)',
          ['--embed-stylesheet'],
          {'default': True, 'action': 'store_true',
           'validator': frontend.validate_boolean}),
         ('Link to the stylesheet(s) in the output HTML file. ',
          ['--link-stylesheet'],
          {'dest': 'embed_stylesheet', 'action': 'store_false'}),
         ('Specify the initial header level. '
          'Does not affect document title & subtitle (see --no-doc-title).'
          '(default: writer dependent).',
          ['--initial-header-level'],
          {'choices': '1 2 3 4 5 6'.split(), 'default': '2',
           'metavar': '<level>'}),
         ('Format for footnote references: one of "superscript" or '
          '"brackets". (default: "brackets")',
          ['--footnote-references'],
          {'choices': ['superscript', 'brackets'], 'default': 'brackets',
           'metavar': '<format>',
           'overrides': 'trim_footnote_reference_space'}),
         ('Format for block quote attributions: '
          'one of "dash" (em-dash prefix), "parentheses"/"parens", or "none". '
          '(default: "dash")',
          ['--attribution'],
          {'choices': ['dash', 'parentheses', 'parens', 'none'],
           'default': 'dash', 'metavar': '<format>'}),
         ('Remove extra vertical whitespace between items of "simple" bullet '
          'lists and enumerated lists. (default)',
          ['--compact-lists'],
          {'default': True, 'action': 'store_true',
           'validator': frontend.validate_boolean}),
         ('Disable compact simple bullet and enumerated lists.',
          ['--no-compact-lists'],
          {'dest': 'compact_lists', 'action': 'store_false'}),
         ('Remove extra vertical whitespace between items of simple field '
          'lists. (default)',
          ['--compact-field-lists'],
          {'default': True, 'action': 'store_true',
           'validator': frontend.validate_boolean}),
         ('Disable compact simple field lists.',
          ['--no-compact-field-lists'],
          {'dest': 'compact_field_lists', 'action': 'store_false'}),
         ('Added to standard table classes. '
          'Defined styles: borderless, booktabs, '
          'align-left, align-center, align-right, '
          'colwidths-auto, colwidths-grid.',
          ['--table-style'],
          {'default': ''}),
         ('Math output format (one of "MathML", "HTML", "MathJax", '
          'or "LaTeX") and option(s). (default: "MathML")',
          ['--math-output'],
          {'default': 'MathML',
           'validator': frontend.validate_math_output}),
         ('Prepend an XML declaration. ',
          ['--xml-declaration'],
          {'default': False, 'action': 'store_true',
           'validator': frontend.validate_boolean}),
         ('Omit the XML declaration.',
          ['--no-xml-declaration'],
          {'dest': 'xml_declaration', 'action': 'store_false'}),
         ('Obfuscate email addresses to confuse harvesters while still '
          'keeping email links usable with standards-compliant browsers.',
          ['--cloak-email-addresses'],
          {'action': 'store_true', 'validator': frontend.validate_boolean}),
         )
        )

    settings_defaults = {'output_encoding_error_handler': 'xmlcharrefreplace'}

    relative_path_settings = ('template',)

    config_section = 'html base writer'  # overwrite in subclass
    config_section_dependencies = ('writers', 'html writers')

    visitor_attributes = (
        'head_prefix', 'head', 'stylesheet', 'body_prefix',
        'body_pre_docinfo', 'docinfo', 'body', 'body_suffix',
        'title', 'subtitle', 'header', 'footer', 'meta', 'fragment',
        'html_prolog', 'html_head', 'html_title', 'html_subtitle',
        'html_body')

    def get_transforms(self) -> list[type[Transform]]:
        return super().get_transforms() + [writer_aux.Admonitions]

    def translate(self) -> None:
        self.visitor = visitor = self.translator_class(self.document)
        self.document.walkabout(visitor)
        for attr in self.visitor_attributes:
            setattr(self, attr, getattr(visitor, attr))
        self.output = self.apply_template()

    def apply_template(self) -> str:
        template_path = Path(self.document.settings.template)
        template = template_path.read_text(encoding='utf-8')
        return template % self.interpolation_dict()

    def interpolation_dict(self):
        subs = {}
        settings = self.document.settings
        for attr in self.visitor_attributes:
            subs[attr] = ''.join(getattr(self, attr)).rstrip('\n')
        subs['encoding'] = settings.output_encoding
        subs['version'] = docutils.__version__
        return subs

    def assemble_parts(self) -> None:
        super().assemble_parts()
        for part in self.visitor_attributes:
            self.parts[part] = ''.join(getattr(self, part))


class HTMLTranslator(writers.DoctreeTranslator):

    """
    Generic Docutils to HTML translator.

    See the `html4css1` and `html5_polyglot` writers for full featured
    HTML translators.

    .. IMPORTANT::
      The `visit_*` and `depart_*` methods use a
      heterogeneous stack, `self.context`.
      When subclassing, make sure to be consistent in its use!

      Examples for robust coding:

      a) Override both `visit_*` and `depart_*` methods, don't call the
         parent functions.

      b) Extend both and unconditionally call the parent functions::

           def visit_example(self, node):
               if foo:
                   self.body.append('<div class="foo">')
               html4css1.HTMLTranslator.visit_example(self, node)

           def depart_example(self, node):
               html4css1.HTMLTranslator.depart_example(self, node)
               if foo:
                   self.body.append('</div>')

      c) Extend both, calling the parent functions under the same
         conditions::

           def visit_example(self, node):
               if foo:
                   self.body.append('<div class="foo">\n')
               else: # call the parent method
                   _html_base.HTMLTranslator.visit_example(self, node)

           def depart_example(self, node):
               if foo:
                   self.body.append('</div>\n')
               else: # call the parent method
                   _html_base.HTMLTranslator.depart_example(self, node)

      d) Extend one method (call the parent), but don't otherwise use the
         `self.context` stack::

           def depart_example(self, node):
               _html_base.HTMLTranslator.depart_example(self, node)
               if foo:
                   # implementation-specific code
                   # that does not use `self.context`
                   self.body.append('</div>\n')

      This way, changes in stack use will not bite you.
    """

    doctype = '<!DOCTYPE html>\n'

    head_prefix_template = ('<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"'
                            ' xml:lang="%(lang)s" lang="%(lang)s">\n<head>\n')
    content_type = '<meta charset="%s" />\n'
    generator = (
        f'<meta name="generator" content="Docutils {docutils.__version__}: '
        'https://docutils.sourceforge.io/" />\n')
    # `starttag()` arguments for the main document (HTML5 uses <main>)
    documenttag_args = {'tagname': 'div', 'CLASS': 'document'}

    # Template for the MathJax script in the header:
    mathjax_script = '<script type="text/javascript" src="%s"></script>\n'

    mathjax_url = 'file:/usr/share/javascript/mathjax/MathJax.js'
    """
    URL of the MathJax javascript library.

    The MathJax library ought to be installed on the same
    server as the rest of the deployed site files and specified
    in the `math-output` setting appended to "mathjax".
    See `Docutils Configuration`__.

    __ https://docutils.sourceforge.io/docs/user/config.html#math-output

    The fallback tries a local MathJax installation at
    ``/usr/share/javascript/mathjax/MathJax.js``.
    """

    stylesheet_link = '<link rel="stylesheet" href="%s" type="text/css" />\n'
    embedded_stylesheet = '<style type="text/css">\n\n%s\n</style>\n'
    words_and_spaces = re.compile(r'[^ \n]+| +|\n')
    # wrap point inside word:
    in_word_wrap_point = re.compile(r'.+\W\W.+|[-?].+')
    lang_attribute = 'lang'  # name changes to 'xml:lang' in XHTML 1.1

    special_characters = {ord('&'): '&amp;',
                          ord('<'): '&lt;',
                          ord('"'): '&quot;',
                          ord('>'): '&gt;',
                          ord('@'): '&#64;',  # may thwart address harvesters
                          }
    """Character references for characters with a special meaning in HTML."""

    videotypes = ('video/mp4', 'video/webm', 'video/ogg')
    """MIME types supported by the HTML5 <video> element."""

    def __init__(self, document) -> None:
        super().__init__(document)
        # process settings
        settings = self.settings
        self.language = languages.get_language(
                            settings.language_code, document.reporter)
        self.initial_header_level = int(settings.initial_header_level)
        # image_loading (only defined for HTML5 writer)
        _image_loading_default = 'link'
        # convert legacy setting embed_images:
        if getattr(settings, 'embed_images', None) is not None:
            if settings.embed_images:
                _image_loading_default = 'embed'
            warnings.warn('The configuration setting "embed_images"\n'
                          '  will be removed in Docutils 2.0. '
                          f'Use "image_loading: {_image_loading_default}".',
                          FutureWarning, stacklevel=8)
        self.image_loading = getattr(settings,
                                     'image_loading', _image_loading_default)
        # backwards compatibiltiy: validate/convert programatically set strings
        if isinstance(self.settings.math_output, str):
            self.settings.math_output = frontend.validate_math_output(
                                            self.settings.math_output)
        (self.math_output,
         self.math_options) = self.settings.math_output

        # set up "parts" (cf. docs/api/publisher.html#publish-parts-details)
        #
        self.body = []  # equivalent to `fragment`, ≠ `html_body`
        self.body_prefix = ['</head>\n<body>\n']  # + optional header
        self.body_pre_docinfo = []  # document heading (title and subtitle)
        self.body_suffix = ['</body>\n</html>\n']  # + optional footer
        self.docinfo = []
        self.footer = []
        self.fragment = []  # main content of the document ("naked" body)
        self.head = []
        self.head_prefix = []  # everything up to and including <head>
        self.header = []
        self.html_body = []
        self.html_head = [self.content_type]  # charset not interpolated
        self.html_prolog = []
        self.html_subtitle = []
        self.html_title = []
        self.meta = [self.generator]
        self.stylesheet = [self.stylesheet_call(path)
                           for path in utils.get_stylesheet_list(settings)]
        self.title = []
        self.subtitle = []
        if settings.xml_declaration:
            self.head_prefix.append(
                utils.xml_declaration(settings.output_encoding))
            self.html_prolog.append(
                utils.xml_declaration('%s'))  # encoding not interpolated
        if (settings.output_encoding
            and settings.output_encoding.lower() != 'unicode'):
            self.meta.insert(0, self.content_type % settings.output_encoding)

        # bookkeeping attributes; reflect state of translator
        #
        self.context = []
        """Heterogeneous stack.

        Used by visit_* and depart_* functions in conjunction with the tree
        traversal. Make sure that the pops correspond to the pushes.
        """
        self.section_level = 0
        self.colspecs = []
        self.compact_p = True
        self.compact_simple = False
        self.compact_field_list = False
        self.in_docinfo = False
        self.in_sidebar = False
        self.in_document_title = 0  # len(self.body) or 0
        self.in_mailto = False
        self.author_in_authors = False  # for html4css1
        self.math_header = []
        self.messages = []
        """Queue of system_message nodes (writing issues).

        Call `report_messages()` in `depart_*_block()` methods to clean up!
        """

    def astext(self):
        return ''.join(self.head_prefix + self.head
                       + self.stylesheet + self.body_prefix
                       + self.body_pre_docinfo + self.docinfo
                       + self.body + self.body_suffix)

    def attval(self, text,
               whitespace=re.compile('[\n\r\t\v\f]')):
        """Cleanse, HTML encode, and return attribute value text."""
        encoded = self.encode(whitespace.sub(' ', text))
        if self.in_mailto and self.settings.cloak_email_addresses:
            # Cloak at-signs ("%40") and periods with HTML entities.
            encoded = encoded.replace('%40', '&#37;&#52;&#48;')
            encoded = encoded.replace('.', '&#46;')
        return encoded

    def cloak_email(self, addr):
        """Try to hide the link text of a email link from harversters."""
        # Surround at-signs and periods with <span> tags.  ("@" has
        # already been encoded to "&#64;" by the `encode` method.)
        addr = addr.replace('&#64;', '<span>&#64;</span>')
        return addr.replace('.', '<span>&#46;</span>')

    def cloak_mailto(self, uri):
        """Try to hide a mailto: URL from harvesters."""
        # Encode "@" using a URL octet reference (see RFC 1738).
        # Further cloaking with HTML entities will be done in the
        # `attval` function.
        return uri.replace('@', '%40')

    def encode(self, text):
        """Encode special characters in `text` & return."""
        # Use only named entities known in both XML and HTML
        # other characters are automatically encoded "by number" if required.
        # @@@ A codec to do these and all other HTML entities would be nice.
        text = str(text)
        return text.translate(self.special_characters)

    def image_size(self, node: nodes.image) -> dict[str, str]:
        """Determine the image size from node arguments or the image file.

        Return as dictionary of <img> attributes,
        e.g., ``{height': '32', 'style': 'width: 4 em;'}``.

        Auxiliary method called from `self.visit_image()`.
        Provisional.
        """
        dimensions = ('width', 'height')
        measures = {}  # (value, unit)-tuples) for width and height
        for dimension in dimensions:
            if dimension in node:
                measures[dimension] = nodes.parse_measure(node[dimension])
        if 'scale' in node and len(measures) < 2:
            # supplement with (unitless) values read from image file
            imgsize = self.read_size_with_PIL(node)
            if imgsize:
                for dimension, value in zip(dimensions, imgsize):
                    if dimension not in measures:
                        measures[dimension] = (value, '')
        # Scale and format as <img> attributes,
        # use "width" and "hight" for unitless values and "style" else:
        scaling_factor = node.get('scale', 100) / 100
        size_atts = {}
        declarations = []  # declarations for the "style" attribute
        for dimension, (value, unit) in measures.items():
            value *= scaling_factor
            if unit:
                declarations.append(f'{dimension}: {value:g}{unit};')
            else:
                size_atts[dimension] = f'{round(value)}'
        if declarations:
            size_atts['style'] = ' '.join(declarations)
        return size_atts

    def read_size_with_PIL(self, node) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
        # Try reading size from image file.
        # Internal auxiliary method called from `self.image_size()`.
        # TODO: use https://github.com/shibukawa/imagesize_py
        #       faster, also handles SVG, attention: bug
        reading_problems = []
        uri = node['uri']
        if not PIL:
            reading_problems.append('Requires Python Imaging Library.')
        if mimetypes.guess_type(uri)[0] in self.videotypes:
            reading_problems.append('PIL cannot read video images.')
        if not self.settings.file_insertion_enabled:
            reading_problems.append('Reading external files disabled.')
        if not reading_problems:
            try:
                imagepath = self.uri2path(uri)
                with PIL.Image.open(imagepath) as img:
                    imgsize = img.size
            except (ValueError, OSError, UnicodeEncodeError) as err:
                reading_problems.append(str(err))
            else:
                self.settings.record_dependencies.add(imagepath)
        if reading_problems:
            msg = ['Cannot scale image!',
                   f'Could not get size from "{uri}":',
                   *reading_problems]
            self.messages.append(self.document.reporter.warning(
                                     '\n  '.join(msg), base_node=node))
            return None
        return imgsize

    def prepare_svg(self, code: str, node: nodes.Element, atts: dict) -> str:
        # Parse SVG source `code` (ignoring comments and preamble code),
        # add relevant attributes from `node` and `atts` to the root element.
        #
        # Internal auxiliary method called from `self.visit_image()`.
        svg_ns = {'': 'http://www.w3.org/2000/svg',
                  'xlink': 'http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'}  # SVG namespace
        # don't add SVG namespace to all elements
        for key, value in svg_ns.items():
            ET.register_namespace(key, value)
        # Parse:
        try:
            svg = ET.fromstring(code)
        except ET.ParseError as err:
            self.messages.append(self.document.reporter.error(
                f'Cannot parse SVG image "{node["uri"]}":\n  {err}',
                base_node=node))
            return code
        # Apply image node attributes:
        if 'style' in atts:
            # update style declarations
            declaration_dict = {}
            svg_declarations = svg.get('style', '').split(';')
            node_declarations = atts['style'].split(';')
            for declaration in svg_declarations + node_declarations:
                if not declaration.strip():
                    continue
                key, _, value = declaration.partition(':')
                declaration_dict[key.strip()] = value.strip()
            svg.set('style', ' '.join(f'{k}: {v};'
                                      for k, v in declaration_dict.items()))
        for dimension in ('width', 'height'):
            if dimension in atts:
                svg.set(dimension, atts[dimension])
        if 'classes' in atts or node['classes']:
            classes = svg.get('class', '').split()
            classes += node['classes'] + atts.get('classes', [])
            svg.set('class', ' '.join(classes))
        if 'alt' in node and svg.find('title', svg_ns) is None:
            svg_title = ET.Element('title')
            svg_title.text = node['alt']
            svg.insert(0, svg_title)
        return ET.tostring(svg, encoding='unicode')

    def stylesheet_call(self, path, adjust_path=None):
        """Return code to reference or embed stylesheet file `path`"""
        if adjust_path is None:
            adjust_path = bool(self.settings.stylesheet_path)
        if self.settings.embed_stylesheet:
            try:
                content = Path(path).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
            except OSError as err:
                msg = f'Cannot embed stylesheet: {err}'
                self.document.reporter.error(msg)
                return '<--- %s --->\n' % msg
            else:
                self.settings.record_dependencies.add(path)
            return self.embedded_stylesheet % content
        # else link to style file:
        if adjust_path:
            # rewrite path relative to output (cf. config.html#stylesheet-path)
            path = utils.relative_path(self.settings.output_path, path)
        return self.stylesheet_link % self.encode(path)

    def starttag(self, node, tagname, suffix='\n', empty=False, **attributes):
        """
        Construct and return a start tag given a node (id & class attributes
        are extracted), tag name, and optional attributes.
        """
        tagname = tagname.lower()
        prefix = []
        atts = {}
        for (name, value) in attributes.items():
            atts[name.lower()] = value
        classes = atts.pop('classes', [])
        languages = []
        # unify class arguments and move language specification
        for cls in node.get('classes', []) + atts.pop('class', '').split():
            if cls.startswith('language-'):
                languages.append(cls.removeprefix('language-'))
            elif cls.strip() and cls not in classes:
                classes.append(cls)
        if languages:
            # attribute name is 'lang' in XHTML 1.0 but 'xml:lang' in 1.1
            atts[self.lang_attribute] = languages[0]
        # filter classes that are processed by the writer:
        internal = ('colwidths-auto', 'colwidths-given', 'colwidths-grid')
        if isinstance(node, nodes.table):
            classes = [cls for cls in classes if cls not in internal]
        if classes:
            atts['class'] = ' '.join(classes)
        assert 'id' not in atts
        ids = node.get('ids', [])
        ids.extend(atts.pop('ids', []))
        if ids:
            atts['id'] = ids[0]
            for id in ids[1:]:
                # Add empty "span" elements for additional IDs.  Note
                # that we cannot use empty "a" elements because there
                # may be targets inside of references, but nested "a"
                # elements aren't allowed in XHTML (even if they do
                # not all have a "href" attribute).
                if empty or isinstance(node, (nodes.Sequential,
                                              nodes.docinfo,
                                              nodes.table)):
                    # Insert target right in front of element.
                    prefix.append('<span id="%s"></span>' % id)
                else:
                    # Non-empty tag.  Place the auxiliary <span> tag
                    # *inside* the element, as the first child.
                    suffix += '<span id="%s"></span>' % id
        attlist = sorted(atts.items())
        parts = [tagname]
        for name, value in attlist:
            # value=None was used for boolean attributes without
            # value, but this isn't supported by XHTML.
            assert value is not None
            if isinstance(value, list):
                values = [str(v) for v in value]
                parts.append('%s="%s"' % (name.lower(),
                                          self.attval(' '.join(values))))
            else:
                parts.append('%s="%s"' % (name.lower(),
                                          self.attval(str(value))))
        if empty:
            infix = ' /'
        else:
            infix = ''
        return f"{''.join(prefix)}<{' '.join(parts)}{infix}>{suffix}"

    def emptytag(self, node, tagname, suffix='\n', **attributes):
        """Construct and return an XML-compatible empty tag."""
        return self.starttag(node, tagname, suffix, empty=True, **attributes)

    def report_messages(self, node) -> None:
        if isinstance(node.parent, (nodes.system_message, nodes.entry)):
            return
        while self.messages:
            message = self.messages.pop(0)
            if self.settings.report_level <= message['level']:
                message.walkabout(self)

    def set_class_on_child(self, node, class_, index=0) -> None:
        """
        Set class `class_` on the visible child no. index of `node`.
        Do nothing if node has fewer children than `index`.
        """
        children = [n for n in node if not isinstance(n, nodes.Invisible)]
        try:
            child = children[index]
        except IndexError:
            return
        child['classes'].append(class_)

    def visit_Text(self, node) -> None:
        text = node.astext()
        encoded = self.encode(text)
        if self.in_mailto and self.settings.cloak_email_addresses:
            encoded = self.cloak_email(encoded)
        self.body.append(encoded)

    def depart_Text(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_abbreviation(self, node) -> None:
        # @@@ implementation incomplete ("title" attribute)
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'abbr', ''))

    def depart_abbreviation(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</abbr>')

    def visit_acronym(self, node) -> None:
        # @@@ implementation incomplete ("title" attribute)
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'acronym', ''))

    def depart_acronym(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</acronym>')

    def visit_address(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'address', meta=False)
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'pre',
                                       suffix='', CLASS='address'))

    def depart_address(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('\n</pre>\n')
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def visit_admonition(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'aside', classes=['admonition']))

    def depart_admonition(self, node=None) -> None:
        self.body.append('</aside>\n')

    attribution_formats = {'dash': ('\u2014', ''),
                           'parentheses': ('(', ')'),
                           'parens': ('(', ')'),
                           'none': ('', '')}

    def visit_attribution(self, node) -> None:
        prefix, suffix = self.attribution_formats[self.settings.attribution]
        self.context.append(suffix)
        self.body.append(
            self.starttag(node, 'p', prefix, CLASS='attribution'))

    def depart_attribution(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.context.pop() + '</p>\n')

    def visit_author(self, node) -> None:
        if not isinstance(node.parent, nodes.authors):
            self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'author')
        self.body.append('<p>')

    def depart_author(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</p>')
        if isinstance(node.parent, nodes.authors):
            self.body.append('\n')
        else:
            self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def visit_authors(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'authors')

    def depart_authors(self, node) -> None:
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def visit_block_quote(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'blockquote'))

    def depart_block_quote(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</blockquote>\n')

    def check_simple_list(self, node) -> bool:
        """Check for a simple list that can be rendered compactly."""
        visitor = SimpleListChecker(self.document)
        try:
            node.walk(visitor)
        except nodes.NodeFound:
            return False
        else:
            return True

    # Compact lists
    # ------------
    # Include definition lists and field lists (in addition to ordered
    # and unordered lists) in the test if a list is "simple"  (cf. the
    # html4css1.HTMLTranslator docstring and the SimpleListChecker class at
    # the end of this file).

    def is_compactable(self, node):
        # explicit class arguments have precedence
        if 'compact' in node['classes']:
            return True
        if 'open' in node['classes']:
            return False
        # check config setting:
        if (isinstance(node, (nodes.field_list, nodes.definition_list))
            and not self.settings.compact_field_lists):
            return False
        if (isinstance(node, (nodes.enumerated_list, nodes.bullet_list))
            and not self.settings.compact_lists):
            return False
        # Table of Contents:
        if 'contents' in node.parent['classes']:
            return True
        # check the list items:
        return self.check_simple_list(node)

    def visit_bullet_list(self, node) -> None:
        atts = {}
        old_compact_simple = self.compact_simple
        self.context.append((self.compact_simple, self.compact_p))
        self.compact_p = None
        self.compact_simple = self.is_compactable(node)
        if self.compact_simple and not old_compact_simple:
            atts['class'] = 'simple'
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'ul', **atts))

    def depart_bullet_list(self, node) -> None:
        self.compact_simple, self.compact_p = self.context.pop()
        self.body.append('</ul>\n')

    def visit_caption(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'p', '', CLASS='caption'))

    def depart_caption(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</p>\n')

    # Use semantic tag and DPub role (HTML4 uses a table)
    def visit_citation(self, node) -> None:
        # role 'doc-bibloentry' requires wrapping in an element with
        # role 'list' and an element with role 'doc-bibliography'
        # https://www.w3.org/TR/dpub-aria-1.0/#doc-biblioentry)
        if not isinstance(node.previous_sibling(), type(node)):
            self.body.append('<div role="list" class="citation-list">\n')
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div', classes=[node.tagname],
                                       role="doc-biblioentry"))

    def depart_citation(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')
        if not isinstance(node.next_node(descend=False, siblings=True),
                          type(node)):
            self.body.append('</div>\n')

    # Use DPub role (overwritten in HTML4)
    def visit_citation_reference(self, node) -> None:
        href = '#'
        if 'refid' in node:
            href += node['refid']
        elif 'refname' in node:
            href += self.document.nameids[node['refname']]
        # else: # TODO system message (or already in the transform)?
        # 'Citation reference missing.'
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'a', suffix='[', href=href,
                                       classes=['citation-reference'],
                                       role='doc-biblioref'))

    def depart_citation_reference(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(']</a>')

    def visit_classifier(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'span', '', CLASS='classifier'))

    def depart_classifier(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</span>')
        self.depart_term(node)  # close the term element after last classifier

    def visit_colspec(self, node) -> None:
        self.colspecs.append(node)
        # "stubs" list is an attribute of the tgroup element:
        node.parent.stubs.append(node.attributes.get('stub'))

    def depart_colspec(self, node) -> None:
        # write out <colgroup> when all colspecs are processed
        if isinstance(node.next_node(descend=False, siblings=True),
                      nodes.colspec):
            return
        if 'colwidths-auto' in node.parent.parent['classes'] or (
            'colwidths-grid' not in self.settings.table_style
            and 'colwidths-given' not in node.parent.parent['classes']):
            return
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'colgroup'))
        total_width = sum(node.propwidth() for node in self.colspecs)
        for node in self.colspecs:
            colwidth = node.propwidth() / total_width
            self.body.append(self.emptytag(node, 'col',
                                           style=f'width: {colwidth:.1%}'))
        self.body.append('</colgroup>\n')

    def visit_comment(self, node,
                      sub=re.compile('-(?=-)').sub):
        """Escape double-dashes in comment text."""
        self.body.append('<!-- %s -->\n' % sub('- ', node.astext()))
        # Content already processed:
        raise nodes.SkipNode

    def visit_compound(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div', CLASS='compound'))

    def depart_compound(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')

    def visit_container(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div',
                                       CLASS='docutils container'))

    def depart_container(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')

    def visit_contact(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'contact', meta=False)

    def depart_contact(self, node) -> None:
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def visit_copyright(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'copyright')

    def depart_copyright(self, node) -> None:
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def visit_date(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'date')

    def depart_date(self, node) -> None:
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def visit_decoration(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def depart_decoration(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_definition(self, node) -> None:
        if 'details' not in node.parent.parent['classes']:
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dd', ''))

    def depart_definition(self, node) -> None:
        if 'details' not in node.parent.parent['classes']:
            self.body.append('</dd>\n')

    def visit_definition_list(self, node) -> None:
        if 'details' in node['classes']:
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div'))
        else:
            classes = ['simple'] if self.is_compactable(node) else []
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dl', classes=classes))

    def depart_definition_list(self, node) -> None:
        if 'details' in node['classes']:
            self.body.append('</div>\n')
        else:
            self.body.append('</dl>\n')

    # Use a "details" disclosure element if parent has "class" arg "details".
    def visit_definition_list_item(self, node) -> None:
        if 'details' in node.parent['classes']:
            atts = {}
            if "open" in node.parent['classes']:
                atts['open'] = 'open'
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'details', **atts))

    def depart_definition_list_item(self, node) -> None:
        if 'details' in node.parent['classes']:
            self.body.append('</details>\n')

    def visit_description(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dd', ''))

    def depart_description(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</dd>\n')

    def visit_docinfo(self, node) -> None:
        self.context.append(len(self.body))
        classes = ['docinfo']
        if self.is_compactable(node):
            classes.append('simple')
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dl', classes=classes))

    def depart_docinfo(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</dl>\n')
        start = self.context.pop()
        self.docinfo = self.body[start:]
        self.body = []

    def visit_docinfo_item(self, node, name, meta=True) -> None:
        if meta:
            self.meta.append(f'<meta name="{name}" '
                             f'content="{self.attval(node.astext())}" />\n')
        self.body.append(f'<dt class="{name}">{self.language.labels[name]}'
                         '<span class="colon">:</span></dt>\n')
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dd', '', CLASS=name))

    def depart_docinfo_item(self) -> None:
        self.body.append('</dd>\n')

    def visit_doctest_block(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'pre', suffix='',
                                       classes=['code', 'python', 'doctest']))

    def depart_doctest_block(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('\n</pre>\n')

    def visit_document(self, node) -> None:
        title = (node.get('title')
                 or os.path.basename(node.get('source') or '')
                 or 'untitled Docutils document')
        self.head.append(f'<title>{self.encode(title)}</title>\n')

    def depart_document(self, node) -> None:
        self.head_prefix.extend([self.doctype,
                                 self.head_prefix_template %
                                 {'lang': self.settings.language_code}])
        self.html_prolog.append(self.doctype)
        self.head = self.meta[:] + self.head
        if 'name="dcterms.' in ''.join(self.meta):
            self.head.append('<link rel="schema.dcterms"'
                             ' href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"/>')
        if self.math_header:
            if self.math_output == 'mathjax':
                self.head.extend(self.math_header)
            else:
                self.stylesheet.extend(self.math_header)
        if (self.settings.output_encoding  # may be None
            and self.settings.output_encoding.lower() != 'unicode'):
            # skip content-type meta tag with interpolated charset value:
            self.html_head.extend(self.head[1:])
        else:
            self.html_head.extend(self.head)
        self.body_prefix.append(self.starttag(node, **self.documenttag_args))
        self.body_suffix.insert(0, f'</{self.documenttag_args["tagname"]}>\n')
        self.fragment.extend(self.body)  # self.fragment is the "naked" body
        self.html_body.extend(self.body_prefix[1:] + self.body_pre_docinfo
                              + self.docinfo + self.body
                              + self.body_suffix[:-1])
        assert not self.context, f'len(context) = {len(self.context)}'

    def visit_emphasis(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'em', ''))

    def depart_emphasis(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</em>')

    def visit_entry(self, node) -> None:
        atts = {'classes': []}
        if isinstance(node.parent.parent, nodes.thead):
            atts['classes'].append('head')
        if node.parent.parent.parent.stubs[node.parent.column]:
            # "stubs" list is an attribute of the tgroup element
            atts['classes'].append('stub')
        if atts['classes']:
            tagname = 'th'
        else:
            tagname = 'td'
        node.parent.column += 1
        if 'morerows' in node:
            atts['rowspan'] = node['morerows'] + 1
        if 'morecols' in node:
            atts['colspan'] = node['morecols'] + 1
            node.parent.column += node['morecols']
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, tagname, '', **atts))
        self.context.append('</%s>\n' % tagname.lower())

    def depart_entry(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.context.pop())

    def visit_enumerated_list(self, node) -> None:
        atts = {'classes': []}
        if 'start' in node:
            atts['start'] = node['start']
        if 'enumtype' in node:
            atts['classes'].append(node['enumtype'])
        if self.is_compactable(node):
            atts['classes'].append('simple')
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'ol', **atts))

    def depart_enumerated_list(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</ol>\n')

    def visit_field_list(self, node) -> None:
        atts = {}
        classes = node.setdefault('classes', [])
        for i, cls in enumerate(classes):
            if cls.startswith('field-indent-'):
                try:
                    indent_length = length_or_percentage_or_unitless(
                        cls.removeprefix('field-indent-'), 'px')
                except ValueError:
                    break
                atts['style'] = '--field-indent: %s;' % indent_length
                classes.pop(i)
                break
        classes.append('field-list')
        if self.is_compactable(node):
            classes.append('simple')
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dl', **atts))

    def depart_field_list(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</dl>\n')

    def visit_field(self, node) -> None:
        # Insert children (<field_name> and <field_body>) directly.
        # Transfer "id" attribute to the <field_name> child node.
        for child in node:
            if isinstance(child, nodes.field_name):
                child['ids'].extend(node['ids'])

    def depart_field(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    # as field is ignored, pass class arguments to field-name and field-body:
    def visit_field_name(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dt', '',
                                       classes=node.parent['classes']))

    def depart_field_name(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('<span class="colon">:</span></dt>\n')

    def visit_field_body(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dd', '',
                                       classes=node.parent['classes']))
        # prevent misalignment of following content if the field is empty:
        if not node.children:
            self.body.append('<p></p>')

    def depart_field_body(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</dd>\n')

    def visit_figure(self, node) -> None:
        atts = {'class': 'figure'}
        if node.get('width'):
            atts['style'] = 'width: %s' % node['width']
        if node.get('align'):
            atts['class'] += " align-" + node['align']
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div', **atts))

    def depart_figure(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')

    def visit_footer(self, node) -> None:
        self.context.append(len(self.body))

    def depart_footer(self, node) -> None:
        start = self.context.pop()
        footer = [self.starttag(node, 'div', CLASS='footer'),
                  '<hr class="footer" />\n']
        footer.extend(self.body[start:])
        footer.append('\n</div>\n')
        self.footer.extend(footer)
        self.body_suffix[:0] = footer
        del self.body[start:]

    def visit_footnote(self, node) -> None:
        # No native HTML element: use <aside> with ARIA role
        # (html4css1 uses tables).
        # Wrap groups of footnotes for easier styling.
        label_style = self.settings.footnote_references  # brackets/superscript
        if not isinstance(node.previous_sibling(), type(node)):
            self.body.append(f'<aside class="footnote-list {label_style}">\n')
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'aside',
                                       classes=[node.tagname, label_style],
                                       role="doc-footnote"))

    def depart_footnote(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</aside>\n')
        if not isinstance(node.next_node(descend=False, siblings=True),
                          type(node)):
            self.body.append('</aside>\n')

    def visit_footnote_reference(self, node) -> None:
        href = '#' + node['refid']
        classes = [self.settings.footnote_references]
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'a', suffix='', classes=classes,
                                       role='doc-noteref', href=href))
        self.body.append('<span class="fn-bracket">[</span>')

    def depart_footnote_reference(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('<span class="fn-bracket">]</span>')
        self.body.append('</a>')

    # Docutils-generated text: put section numbers in a span for CSS styling:
    def visit_generated(self, node):
        if 'sectnum' in node['classes']:
            # get section number (strip trailing no-break-spaces)
            sectnum = node.astext().rstrip(' ')
            self.body.append('<span class="sectnum">%s </span>'
                             % self.encode(sectnum))
            # Content already processed:
            raise nodes.SkipNode

    def depart_generated(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_header(self, node) -> None:
        self.context.append(len(self.body))

    def depart_header(self, node) -> None:
        start = self.context.pop()
        header = [self.starttag(node, 'div', CLASS='header')]
        header.extend(self.body[start:])
        header.append('\n<hr class="header"/>\n</div>\n')
        self.body_prefix.extend(header)
        self.header.extend(header)
        del self.body[start:]

    def visit_image(self, node) -> None:
        # reference/embed images (still images and videos)
        uri = node['uri']
        alt = node.get('alt', uri)
        mimetype = mimetypes.guess_type(uri)[0]
        element = ''  # the HTML element (including potential children)
        # attributes for the HTML tag:
        atts = self.image_size(node)
        # alignment is handled by CSS rules
        if 'align' in node:
            atts['classes'] = [f"align-{node['align']}"]
        # ``:loading:`` option (embed, link, lazy), default from setting,
        # exception: only embed videos if told via directive option
        loading = 'link' if mimetype in self.videotypes else self.image_loading
        loading = node.get('loading', loading)
        if loading == 'lazy':
            atts['loading'] = 'lazy'
        elif loading == 'embed':
            try:
                imagepath = self.uri2path(uri)
                if mimetype == 'image/svg+xml':
                    imagedata = Path(imagepath).read_text(encoding='utf-8')
                else:
                    imagedata = Path(imagepath).read_bytes()
            except (ValueError, OSError, UnicodeError) as err:
                self.messages.append(self.document.reporter.error(
                    f'Cannot embed image "{uri}":\n  {err}', base_node=node))
                # TODO: get external files with urllib.request (cf. odtwriter)?
            else:
                self.settings.record_dependencies.add(imagepath)
                if mimetype == 'image/svg+xml':
                    element = self.prepare_svg(imagedata, node, atts)
                else:
                    data64 = base64.b64encode(imagedata).decode()
                    uri = f'data:{mimetype};base64,{data64}'

        # No newlines around inline images (but all images may be nested
        # in a `reference` node which is a `TextElement` instance):
        if (not isinstance(node.parent, nodes.TextElement)
            or isinstance(node.parent, nodes.reference)
            and not isinstance(node.parent.parent, nodes.TextElement)):
            suffix = '\n'
        else:
            suffix = ''

        if mimetype in self.videotypes:
            atts['title'] = alt
            if 'controls' in node['classes']:
                node['classes'].remove('controls')
                atts['controls'] = 'controls'
            element = (self.starttag(node, "video", suffix, src=uri, **atts)
                       + f'<a href="{node["uri"]}">{alt}</a>{suffix}'
                       + f'</video>{suffix}')
        elif mimetype == 'application/x-shockwave-flash':
            atts['type'] = mimetype
            element = (self.starttag(node, 'object', '', data=uri, **atts)
                       + f'{alt}</object>{suffix}')
        elif element:  # embedded SVG, see above
            element += suffix
        else:
            atts['alt'] = alt
            element = self.emptytag(node, 'img', suffix, src=uri, **atts)
        self.body.append(element)
        if suffix:  # block-element
            self.report_messages(node)

    def depart_image(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_inline(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'span', ''))

    def depart_inline(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</span>')

    # footnote and citation labels:
    def visit_label(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('<span class="label">')
        self.body.append('<span class="fn-bracket">[</span>')
        # footnote/citation backrefs:
        if self.settings.footnote_backlinks:
            backrefs = node.parent.get('backrefs', [])
            if len(backrefs) == 1:
                self.body.append('<a role="doc-backlink"'
                                 ' href="#%s">' % backrefs[0])

    def depart_label(self, node) -> None:
        backrefs = []
        if self.settings.footnote_backlinks:
            backrefs = node.parent.get('backrefs', backrefs)
        if len(backrefs) == 1:
            self.body.append('</a>')
        self.body.append('<span class="fn-bracket">]</span></span>\n')
        if len(backrefs) > 1:
            backlinks = ['<a role="doc-backlink" href="#%s">%s</a>' % (ref, i)
                         for (i, ref) in enumerate(backrefs, 1)]
            self.body.append('<span class="backrefs">(%s)</span>\n'
                             % ','.join(backlinks))

    def visit_legend(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div', CLASS='legend'))

    def depart_legend(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')

    def visit_line(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div', suffix='', CLASS='line'))
        if not len(node):
            self.body.append('<br />')

    def depart_line(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')

    def visit_line_block(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div', CLASS='line-block'))

    def depart_line_block(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')

    def visit_list_item(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'li', ''))

    def depart_list_item(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</li>\n')

    # inline literal
    def visit_literal(self, node):
        # special case: "code" role
        classes = node['classes']
        if 'code' in classes:
            # filter 'code' from class arguments
            classes.pop(classes.index('code'))
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'code', ''))
            return
        self.body.append(
            self.starttag(node, 'span', '', CLASS='docutils literal'))
        text = node.astext()
        if not isinstance(node.parent, nodes.literal_block):
            text = text.replace('\n', ' ')
        # Protect text like ``--an-option`` and the regular expression
        # ``[+]?(\d+(\.\d*)?|\.\d+)`` from bad line wrapping
        for token in self.words_and_spaces.findall(text):
            if token.strip() and self.in_word_wrap_point.search(token):
                self.body.append('<span class="pre">%s</span>'
                                 % self.encode(token))
            else:
                self.body.append(self.encode(token))
        self.body.append('</span>')
        raise nodes.SkipNode  # content already processed

    def depart_literal(self, node) -> None:
        # skipped unless literal element is from "code" role:
        self.body.append('</code>')

    def visit_literal_block(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'pre', '', CLASS='literal-block'))
        if 'code' in node['classes']:
            self.body.append('<code>')

    def depart_literal_block(self, node) -> None:
        if 'code' in node['classes']:
            self.body.append('</code>')
        self.body.append('</pre>\n')

    # Mathematics:
    # As there is no native HTML math support, we provide alternatives
    # for the math-output: LaTeX and MathJax simply wrap the content,
    # HTML and MathML also convert the math_code.
    # HTML element:
    math_tags = {  # format: (inline, block, [class arguments])
                 'html': ('span', 'div', ['formula']),
                 'latex': ('tt', 'pre', ['math']),
                 'mathjax': ('span', 'div', ['math']),
                 'mathml': ('', 'div', []),
                 'problematic': ('span', 'pre', ['math', 'problematic']),
                 }

    def visit_math(self, node):
        # Also called from `visit_math_block()`:
        is_block = isinstance(node, nodes.math_block)
        format = self.math_output
        math_code = node.astext().translate(unichar2tex.uni2tex_table)

        # preamble code and conversion
        if format == 'html':
            if self.math_options and not self.math_header:
                self.math_header = [
                    self.stylesheet_call(utils.find_file_in_dirs(
                        s, self.settings.stylesheet_dirs), adjust_path=True)
                    for s in self.math_options.split(',')]
            math2html.DocumentParameters.displaymode = is_block
            # TODO: fix display mode in matrices and fractions
            math_code = wrap_math_code(math_code, is_block)
            math_code = math2html.math2html(math_code)
        elif format == 'latex':
            math_code = self.encode(math_code)
        elif format == 'mathjax':
            if not self.math_header:
                if self.math_options:
                    self.mathjax_url = self.math_options
                else:
                    self.document.reporter.warning(
                        'No MathJax URL specified, using local fallback '
                        '(see config.html).', base_node=node)
                # append MathJax configuration
                # (input LaTeX with AMS, output common HTML):
                if '?' not in self.mathjax_url:
                    self.mathjax_url += '?config=TeX-AMS_CHTML'
                self.math_header = [self.mathjax_script % self.mathjax_url]
            if is_block:
                math_code = wrap_math_code(math_code, is_block)
            else:
                math_code = rf'\({math_code}\)'
            math_code = self.encode(math_code)
        elif format == 'mathml':
            if 'XHTML 1' in self.doctype:
                self.content_type = self.content_type_mathml
            if self.math_options:
                converter = getattr(tex2mathml_extern, self.math_options)
            else:
                converter = latex2mathml.tex2mathml
            try:
                math_code = converter(math_code, as_block=is_block)
            except (MathError, OSError) as err:
                details = getattr(err, 'details', [])
                self.messages.append(self.document.reporter.warning(
                    err, *details, base_node=node))
                math_code = self.encode(node.astext())
                if self.settings.report_level <= 2:
                    format = 'problematic'
                else:
                    format = 'latex'
                if isinstance(err, OSError):
                    # report missing converter only once
                    self.math_output = format

        # append to document body
        tag = self.math_tags[format][is_block]
        suffix = '\n' if is_block else ''
        if tag:
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, tag, suffix=suffix,
                                           classes=self.math_tags[format][2]))
        self.body.extend([math_code, suffix])
        if tag:
            self.body.append(f'</{tag}>{suffix}')
        # Content already processed:
        raise nodes.SkipChildren

    def depart_math(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_math_block(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_math(node)

    def depart_math_block(self, node) -> None:
        self.report_messages(node)

    # Meta tags: 'lang' attribute replaced by 'xml:lang' in XHTML 1.1
    # HTML5/polyglot recommends using both
    def visit_meta(self, node) -> None:
        self.meta.append(self.emptytag(node, 'meta',
                                       **node.non_default_attributes()))

    def depart_meta(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_option(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'span', '', CLASS='option'))

    def depart_option(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</span>')
        if isinstance(node.next_node(descend=False, siblings=True),
                      nodes.option):
            self.body.append(', ')

    def visit_option_argument(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(node.get('delimiter', ' '))
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'var', ''))

    def depart_option_argument(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</var>')

    def visit_option_group(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dt', ''))
        self.body.append('<kbd>')

    def depart_option_group(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</kbd></dt>\n')

    def visit_option_list(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(
            self.starttag(node, 'dl', CLASS='option-list'))

    def depart_option_list(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</dl>\n')

    def visit_option_list_item(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def depart_option_list_item(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_option_string(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def depart_option_string(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_organization(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'organization')

    def depart_organization(self, node) -> None:
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    # Do not omit <p> tags
    # --------------------
    #
    # The HTML4CSS1 writer does this to "produce
    # visually compact lists (less vertical whitespace)". This writer
    # relies on CSS rules for visual compactness.
    #
    # * In XHTML 1.1, e.g., a <blockquote> element may not contain
    #   character data, so you cannot drop the <p> tags.
    # * Keeping simple paragraphs in the field_body enables a CSS
    #   rule to start the field-body on a new line if the label is too long
    # * it makes the code simpler.
    #
    # TODO: omit paragraph tags in simple table cells?

    def visit_paragraph(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'p', ''))

    def depart_paragraph(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</p>')
        if not (isinstance(node.parent, (nodes.list_item, nodes.entry))
                and (len(node.parent) == 1)):
            self.body.append('\n')
            self.report_messages(node)

    def visit_problematic(self, node) -> None:
        if node.hasattr('refid'):
            self.body.append('<a href="#%s">' % node['refid'])
            self.context.append('</a>')
        else:
            self.context.append('')
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'span', '', CLASS='problematic'))

    def depart_problematic(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</span>')
        self.body.append(self.context.pop())

    def visit_raw(self, node):
        if 'html' in node.get('format', '').split():
            if isinstance(node.parent, nodes.TextElement):
                tagname = 'span'
            else:
                tagname = 'div'
            if node['classes']:
                self.body.append(self.starttag(node, tagname, suffix=''))
            self.body.append(node.astext())
            if node['classes']:
                self.body.append('</%s>' % tagname)
        # Keep non-HTML raw text out of output:
        raise nodes.SkipNode

    def visit_reference(self, node) -> None:
        atts = {'classes': ['reference']}
        suffix = ''
        if 'refuri' in node:
            atts['href'] = node['refuri']
            if (self.settings.cloak_email_addresses
                and atts['href'].startswith('mailto:')):
                atts['href'] = self.cloak_mailto(atts['href'])
                self.in_mailto = True
            atts['classes'].append('external')
        else:
            assert 'refid' in node, \
                   'References must have "refuri" or "refid" attribute.'
            atts['href'] = '#' + node['refid']
            atts['classes'].append('internal')
        if len(node) == 1 and isinstance(node[0], nodes.image):
            atts['classes'].append('image-reference')
        if not isinstance(node.parent, nodes.TextElement):
            suffix = '\n'
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'a', suffix, **atts))

    def depart_reference(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</a>')
        if not isinstance(node.parent, nodes.TextElement):
            self.body.append('\n')
        self.in_mailto = False

    def visit_revision(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'revision', meta=False)

    def depart_revision(self, node) -> None:
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def visit_row(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'tr', ''))
        node.column = 0

    def depart_row(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</tr>\n')

    def visit_rubric(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'p', '', CLASS='rubric'))

    def depart_rubric(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</p>\n')

    def visit_section(self, node) -> None:
        self.section_level += 1
        self.body.append(
            self.starttag(node, 'div', CLASS='section'))

    def depart_section(self, node) -> None:
        self.section_level -= 1
        self.body.append('</div>\n')

    # TODO: use the new HTML5 element <aside>
    def visit_sidebar(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(
            self.starttag(node, 'div', CLASS='sidebar'))
        self.in_sidebar = True

    def depart_sidebar(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')
        self.in_sidebar = False

    def visit_status(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'status', meta=False)

    def depart_status(self, node) -> None:
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def visit_strong(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'strong', ''))

    def depart_strong(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</strong>')

    def visit_subscript(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'sub', ''))

    def depart_subscript(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</sub>')

    def visit_substitution_definition(self, node):
        """Internal only."""
        raise nodes.SkipNode

    def visit_substitution_reference(self, node) -> None:
        self.unimplemented_visit(node)

    # h1–h6 elements must not be used to markup subheadings, subtitles,
    # alternative titles and taglines unless intended to be the heading for a
    # new section or subsection.
    # -- http://www.w3.org/TR/html51/sections.html#headings-and-sections
    def visit_subtitle(self, node) -> None:
        if isinstance(node.parent, nodes.sidebar):
            classes = ['sidebar-subtitle']
        elif isinstance(node.parent, nodes.document):
            classes = ['subtitle']
            self.in_document_title = len(self.body) + 1
        elif isinstance(node.parent, nodes.section):
            classes = ['section-subtitle']
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'p', '', classes=classes))

    def depart_subtitle(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</p>\n')
        if isinstance(node.parent, nodes.document):
            self.subtitle = self.body[self.in_document_title:-1]
            self.in_document_title = 0
            self.body_pre_docinfo.extend(self.body)
            self.html_subtitle.extend(self.body)
            del self.body[:]

    def visit_superscript(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'sup', ''))

    def depart_superscript(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</sup>')

    def visit_system_message(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'aside', CLASS='system-message'))
        self.body.append('<p class="system-message-title">')
        backref_text = ''
        if len(node['backrefs']):
            backrefs = node['backrefs']
            if len(backrefs) == 1:
                backref_text = ('; <em><a href="#%s">backlink</a></em>'
                                % backrefs[0])
            else:
                i = 1
                backlinks = []
                for backref in backrefs:
                    backlinks.append('<a href="#%s">%s</a>' % (backref, i))
                    i += 1
                backref_text = ('; <em>backlinks: %s</em>'
                                % ', '.join(backlinks))
        if node.hasattr('line'):
            line = ', line %s' % node['line']
        else:
            line = ''
        self.body.append('System Message: %s/%s '
                         '(<span class="docutils literal">%s</span>%s)%s</p>\n'
                         % (node['type'], node['level'],
                            self.encode(node['source']), line, backref_text))

    def depart_system_message(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</aside>\n')

    def visit_table(self, node) -> None:
        atts = {'classes': self.settings.table_style.replace(',', ' ').split()}
        if 'align' in node:
            atts['classes'].append('align-%s' % node['align'])
        if 'width' in node:
            width = node['width']
            if width[-1:] in '0123456789.':  # unitless value
                width += 'px'  # add default length unit
            atts['style'] = f'width: {width};'
        tag = self.starttag(node, 'table', **atts)
        self.body.append(tag)

    def depart_table(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</table>\n')
        self.report_messages(node)

    def visit_target(self, node) -> None:
        if ('refuri' not in node
                and 'refid' not in node
                and 'refname' not in node):
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'span', '', CLASS='target'))
            self.context.append('</span>')
        else:
            self.context.append('')

    def depart_target(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.context.pop())

    # no hard-coded vertical alignment in table body
    def visit_tbody(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'tbody'))

    def depart_tbody(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</tbody>\n')

    def visit_term(self, node) -> None:
        if 'details' in node.parent.parent['classes']:
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'summary', suffix=''))
        else:
            # The parent node (definition_list_item) is omitted in HTML.
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'dt', suffix='',
                                           classes=node.parent['classes'],
                                           ids=node.parent['ids']))

    def depart_term(self, node) -> None:
        # Nest (optional) classifier(s) in the <dt> element
        if node.next_node(nodes.classifier, descend=False, siblings=True):
            return  # skip (depart_classifier() calls this function again)
        if 'details' in node.parent.parent['classes']:
            self.body.append('</summary>\n')
        else:
            self.body.append('</dt>\n')

    def visit_tgroup(self, node) -> None:
        self.colspecs = []
        node.stubs = []

    def depart_tgroup(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_thead(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'thead'))

    def depart_thead(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</thead>\n')

    def section_title_tags(self, node):
        atts = {}
        h_level = self.section_level + self.initial_header_level - 1
        # Only 6 heading levels have dedicated HTML tags.
        tagname = 'h%i' % min(h_level, 6)
        if h_level > 6:
            atts['aria-level'] = h_level
        start_tag = self.starttag(node, tagname, '', **atts)
        if node.hasattr('refid'):
            atts = {}
            atts['class'] = 'toc-backref'
            atts['role'] = 'doc-backlink'  # HTML5 only
            atts['href'] = '#' + node['refid']
            start_tag += self.starttag(nodes.reference(), 'a', '', **atts)
            close_tag = '</a></%s>\n' % tagname
        else:
            close_tag = '</%s>\n' % tagname
        return start_tag, close_tag

    def visit_title(self, node) -> None:
        close_tag = '</p>\n'
        if isinstance(node.parent, nodes.topic):
            # TODO: use role="heading" or <h1>? (HTML5 only)
            self.body.append(
                self.starttag(node, 'p', '', CLASS='topic-title'))
            if (self.settings.toc_backlinks
                and 'contents' in node.parent['classes']):
                self.body.append('<a class="reference internal" href="#top">')
                close_tag = '</a></p>\n'
        elif isinstance(node.parent, nodes.sidebar):
            # TODO: use role="heading" or <h1>? (HTML5 only)
            self.body.append(
                self.starttag(node, 'p', '', CLASS='sidebar-title'))
        elif isinstance(node.parent, nodes.Admonition):
            self.body.append(
                  self.starttag(node, 'p', '', CLASS='admonition-title'))
        elif isinstance(node.parent, nodes.table):
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'caption', ''))
            close_tag = '</caption>\n'
        elif isinstance(node.parent, nodes.document):
            self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'h1', '', CLASS='title'))
            close_tag = '</h1>\n'
            self.in_document_title = len(self.body)
        else:
            assert isinstance(node.parent, nodes.section)
            # Get correct heading and evt. backlink tags
            start_tag, close_tag = self.section_title_tags(node)
            self.body.append(start_tag)
        self.context.append(close_tag)

    def depart_title(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.context.pop())
        if self.in_document_title:
            self.title = self.body[self.in_document_title:-1]
            self.in_document_title = 0
            self.body_pre_docinfo.extend(self.body)
            self.html_title.extend(self.body)
            del self.body[:]

    def visit_title_reference(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'cite', ''))

    def depart_title_reference(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</cite>')

    def visit_topic(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.starttag(node, 'div', CLASS='topic'))

    def depart_topic(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append('</div>\n')

    def visit_transition(self, node) -> None:
        self.body.append(self.emptytag(node, 'hr', CLASS='docutils'))

    def depart_transition(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def visit_version(self, node) -> None:
        self.visit_docinfo_item(node, 'version', meta=False)

    def depart_version(self, node) -> None:
        self.depart_docinfo_item()

    def unimplemented_visit(self, node):
        raise NotImplementedError('visiting unimplemented node type: %s'
                                  % node.__class__.__name__)


class SimpleListChecker(nodes.GenericNodeVisitor):

    """
    Raise `nodes.NodeFound` if non-simple list item is encountered.

    Here "simple" means a list item containing nothing other than a single
    paragraph, a simple list, or a paragraph followed by a simple list.

    This version also checks for simple field lists and docinfo.
    """

    def default_visit(self, node):
        raise nodes.NodeFound

    def default_departure(self, node):
        pass

    def visit_list_item(self, node):
        children = [child for child in node.children
                    if not isinstance(child, nodes.Invisible)]
        if (children and isinstance(children[0], nodes.paragraph)
            and (isinstance(children[-1], nodes.bullet_list)
                 or isinstance(children[-1], nodes.enumerated_list)
                 or isinstance(children[-1], nodes.field_list))):
            children.pop()
        if len(children) <= 1:
            return
        else:
            raise nodes.NodeFound

    def pass_node(self, node) -> None:
        pass

    def ignore_node(self, node):
        # ignore nodes that are never complex (can contain only inline nodes)
        raise nodes.SkipNode

    # Paragraphs and text
    visit_Text = ignore_node
    visit_paragraph = ignore_node

    # Lists
    visit_bullet_list = pass_node
    visit_enumerated_list = pass_node
    visit_docinfo = pass_node

    # Docinfo nodes:
    visit_author = ignore_node
    visit_authors = visit_list_item
    visit_address = visit_list_item
    visit_contact = pass_node
    visit_copyright = ignore_node
    visit_date = ignore_node
    visit_organization = ignore_node
    visit_status = ignore_node
    visit_version = visit_list_item

    # Definition list:
    visit_definition_list = pass_node
    visit_definition_list_item = pass_node
    visit_term = ignore_node
    visit_classifier = pass_node
    visit_definition = visit_list_item

    # Field list:
    visit_field_list = pass_node
    visit_field = pass_node
    # the field body corresponds to a list item
    visit_field_body = visit_list_item
    visit_field_name = ignore_node

    # Invisible nodes should be ignored.
    visit_comment = ignore_node
    visit_substitution_definition = ignore_node
    visit_target = ignore_node
    visit_pending = ignore_node
